Bangkok

"Bangkok es la capital y la ciudad más poblada de Tailandia. En sentido estricto, Bangkok no es el nombre de la capital, aunque los extranjeros lo usan universalmente.[cita requerida] Bangkok significa «aldea de la ciruela silvestre»: es el nombre de una parte del lado Thon Buri del río. Así pues, Bangkok es conocida en tailandés como Krung Thep Mahanakhon (en tailandés: , o Krung Thep Acerca de este sonido (escuchar) (?·i)), que significa «la ciudad de los ángeles». Fue un pequeño puesto de comercio en la desembocadura del río Chao Phraya durante el Reino de Ayutthaya. Llegó al primer plano de Siam, cuando recibió el estatus de ciudad capital en 1768 después de la quema de Ayutthaya. Sin embargo, el actual Reino Rattanakosin no comenzó hasta 1782 cuando Rama I trasladó la capital a la Isla de Rattanakosin, después de la muerte del rey Taksin. La capital de Rattanakosin es ahora formalmente llamada "Phra Nakhon" (en tailandés: ), perteneciente a los antiguos límites en el núcleo de la metrópolis y el nombre de Bangkok incorpora la acumulación urbana desde el siglo XVIII, con su propia administración pública y gobernador. Durante los últimos doscientos años, Bangkok ha crecido hasta llegar a ser el centro político, social y económico no sólo de Tailandia, sino de Indochina y el Sudeste asiático. Su influencia en el arte, la política, moda, educación y entretenimiento, así como en los negocios, le ha proporcionado a Bangkok el estatus de ciudad global. La ciudad tiene una población de alrededor de 8,5 millones de habitantes mientras que el área de gran Bangkok posee 11.971.000 habitantes (a enero de 2008). Esto, a su vez, ha cambiado el país ya que ha pasado de ser una población tailandesa bastante homogénea a una mezcla cada vez más vibrante de la occidental, con grupos procedentes de India y China, dando a la ciudad un estatus cosmopolita."

"Bangkok (English pronunciation: /bækk/) is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (, pronounced [kr têp mah nákn] ) or simply . The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in Central Thailand, and has a population of over 8 million, or 12.6 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, significantly dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in terms of importance. There are 581 high-rise buildings in the city, ranking number 5 in the world. Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew in size and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782. Bangkok was at the heart of Siam's (as Thailand used to be known) modernization, during the later 19th century, as the country faced pressures from the West. The city was the centre of Thailand's political struggles, throughout the 20th century, as the country abolished absolute monarchy, adopted constitutional rule and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings. The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact among Thailand's politics, economy, education, media and modern society. The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok. The city is now a major regional force in finance and business. It is an international hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a regional centre for the arts, fashion and entertainment. The city is well known for its vibrant street life and cultural landmarks, as well as its notorious red-light districts. The historic Grand Palace and Buddhist temples including Wat Arun and Wat Pho stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as the nightlife scenes of Khaosan Road and Patpong. Bangkok is among the world's top tourist destinations. It is named the most visited city in MasterCard's Global Destination Cities Index, and was named "World's Best City" for four consecutive years by Travel + Leisure magazine. Bangkok's rapid growth amidst little urban planning and regulation has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure systems. Limited roads, despite an extensive expressway network, together with substantial private car usage, have resulted in chronic and crippling traffic congestion. This in turn caused severe air pollution in the 1990s. The city has since turned to public transport in an attempt to solve this major problem. Four rapid transit lines are now in operation, with more systems under construction or planned by the national government and the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration."