Alejandría

"Alejandría (en griego: , copto: Rakot, árabe: Al-Iskandariya, árabe egipcio: Isindireyya), es una ciudad del norte de Egipto, en la zona más occidental del delta del Nilo, sobre una loma que separa el lago Mariout del mar Mediterráneo. Es también la actual capital de la gobernación del mismo nombre, y el principal puerto del país. Es la segunda ciudad más importante de Egipto tras la ciudad de El Cairo, capital del país. Fundada por Alejandro Magno en el año 331 a. C. en una estratégica región portuaria, se convirtió en pocos años en el centro cultural del mundo antiguo."

"Alexandria (/ælzændr/ or /ælzndr/; Arabic: al-Iskandariyyah; Egyptian Arabic: Eskendereyyah; Coptic: , Alexandria, Rakot) is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also an important tourist destination. Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton."