Madagascar

"Madagascar, oficialmente República de Madagascar (en malgache: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; en francés: République de Madagascar), es un país insular situado en el océano Índico, frente la costa sureste del continente africano, al este de Mozambique. Además es la isla más grande de África y la cuarta más grande del mundo estando formada a la vez por pequeñas y numerosas islas. Está separada del continente por el canal de Mozambique. Hay que destacar que antiguamente la isla se encontraba unida al continente africano, del cual se separó; esto ha provocado un aislamiento que ha favorecido la conservación en su territorio de multitud de especies únicas en el mundo, siendo hasta un 80% de ellas endémicas de la isla[cita requerida]. Las más notables son los lémures que son una infraorden de primates, el fossa carnívoro, tres familias endémicas de aves y seis especies endémicas de baobabs. Madagascar se encuentra dentro de la lista de países megadiversos. El gentilicio de Madagascar es malgache, y el idioma nacional es el malgache, siendo su segundo idioma el francés. En 2012 su población se estimaba en 22 millones de habitantes, cobrando un 90 por ciento de ella menos de dos dólares al día. La mayoría de sus habitantes tiene creencias tradicionales, son cristianos, o una mezcla de ambos."

"Madagascar (/mædæskr/ ; Malagasy: Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara [republikan madaaskar]; French: République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Southeast Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats. The first archaeological evidence for human foraging on Madagascar dates to 2000 BC. Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and AD 550 by Austronesian peoples arriving on outrigger canoes from Borneo. These were joined around AD 1000 by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel from East Africa. Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life. The Malagasy ethnic group is often divided into 18 or more sub-groups of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands. Until the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting sociopolitical alliances. Beginning in the early 19th century, most of the island was united and ruled as the Kingdom of Madagascar by a series of Merina nobles. The monarchy collapsed in 1897 when the island was absorbed into the French colonial empire, from which the island gained independence in 1960. The autonomous state of Madagascar has since undergone four major constitutional periods, termed republics. Since 1992, the nation has officially been governed as a constitutional democracy from its capital at Antananarivo. However, in a popular uprising in 2009, president Marc Ravalomanana was made to resign and presidential power was transferred in March 2009 to Andry Rajoelina. Constitutional governance was restored in January 2014, when Hery Rajaonarimampianina was named president following a 2013 election deemed fair and transparent by the international community. Madagascar is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation internationale de la francophonie and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In 2012, the population of Madagascar was estimated at just over 22 million, 90% of whom live on less than